![]() Many of these mosques have been destroyed. It was drawn by Ali Smajkiewicz of Gdan´ sk about 1960. It shows the distribution of Muslim settlements in the region in the early twentieth century as well as the wooden mosques and major non-wooden mosques that were located there. It is a nineteenth-century muhir with talismanic drawings and prayers and praise of the Prophet.įigure 5 A Tatar manuscript from Rīga, no 28, A 222S (no 28 Austrumtautu/Oriental), pages 171 and 172įigure 6 A reproduced map that is to be found in the Tatar collection in the Białystok Museum. Islam and the contemporary religious scene in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and PolandĪppendix Notes and references Bibliography Glossary Indexįigure 1 ‘The Island of Men’ and the ‘Island of the Amazon Women’ in the map of al-Idrīsī.įigure 3 This document is from the collection of the Lithuanian National Museum in Vilnius. The settlement of the Qipchāq Tatars and the Karaims in Belarus, Lithuania and Poland The expanding Eastern Empire of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ‘Iron would turn to wax, and water to steel sooner than we revoked our solemn word.’ (Gediminas) To Duke Gediminas and Duke Vytautus (Witold) the Great, a hero of the Lithuanian Tatars until today. International Library of Historical Studies 53 ISBN: 978 1 84511 587 6 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available Typeset by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press Pvt. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © 2009 Harry Norris The right of Harry Norris to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 In the United States of America and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Published in 2009 by Tauris Academic Studies, an imprint of I.B.Tauris & Co. Islam in the Baltic Europe’s Early Muslim Community Before this he was Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at SOAS and an associate Fellow at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. The effective process results in the unity of the body, mind and spirit where the entire human system works together in harmony and health just as it was intended to do.įor more information about Tamarkoz® or to find a class near you, please visit Norris is Professor Emeritus of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of London. ![]() The focus of Tamarkoz® on the 13 electromagnetic centres and in particular the source of life in the heart distinguishes it from other types of meditative practice. Tamarkoz® is the only practice which unites our body and mind with our spirit and it is the only system which actively encompasses the following components: The practice develops and encompasses the entire human faculties physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. The word itself means concentration and it is a holistic and practical way of recovering and maintaining health, happiness, fulfillment, wellbeing and discipline in life. One of the practices of Sufism is Tamarkoz® which is the art and science of self-knowledge through concentration and meditation. Tamarkoz® is an authentic technique, which has a history of 1400 years and is exclusive to MTO Shahmaghsoudi®.
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